Households Below Average Income (HBAI)
Planned revision to 2008/09 and 2009/10 results
This note describes our intention to revise results for 2008/09 and 2009/10 to improve the methodology for direct taxes in Northern Ireland and to adjust for new tenure information from the Department for Communities and Local Government.
The National Statistics First Release contains a digest of key results taken from the publication HBAI 1994/5-2009/10 published 12 May 2011
- Households Below Average Income 2009-10 Survey for 2009/10 publication: Results
- Households Below Average Income Publication (HBAI) - Severe Child Poverty Indicator Technical Note
- Households Below Average Income Publication (HBAI) - Pensioner Material Deprivation Technical Note
- Households Below Average Income (HBAI) publications, 2000/01 to 2009/10
- Low-Income Dynamics: Future publication planning and data source Technical Note
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2008
- Key results up to 2003/04 using the Modified-OECD scale and new Companion scales, published 25 July 2005.
- Summaries of HBAI consultations
- Exception report to the National Statistics protocol
- National Statistics Quality Review
- Robustness assessment report
- Time series consultation document
- Comparisons of income data between the Family Expenditure Survey and the Family Resources Survey
Dataset release
DWP is currently reviewing the security assurances in place regarding the release of the FRS, HBAI and PI special licence datasets. There are concerns that the current security assurances do not satisfy DWP standards. Although the risk of an FRS respondent being identified is low, we want to ensure that appropriate controls are in place. While we do wish to make our data as widely available as possible for reuse, this should not be at the cost of respondents' confidentiality. We are working with the UK Data Archive and are hoping to resolve the remaining issues relating to the release of the Special Licence datasets as soon as possible. We apologise for any inconvenience the delay has caused. The End User Licence versions of the FRS and FRS based datasets are available as usual through the UK Data Archive.
Households Below Average Income Publication (HBAI) Usage Survey 2009-10: Results
The Households Below Average Income team undertook a publication usage survey to capture data about the users of our publication with the aim of ensuring that the report continues to meet their needs. The survey closed on Friday 29 July 2011 and a summary of the responses has been published..
Download the HBAI Usage Survey Results
Households Below Average Income Publication (HBAI) - Severe Child Poverty Indicator Technical Note
The following technical note outlines a new severe child poverty indicator to be introduced in HBAI 1994/95-2009/10. Technical note (25KB)
Households Below Average Income Publication (HBAI) - Pensioner Material Deprivation Technical Note
The following technical note outlines a new material deprivation indicator for pensioners to be introduced in HBAI 1994/95-2009/10. Technical note (39KB)
Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series
HBAI 1994/95-2009/10
This is the twenty second edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2009/10, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2008/09
This is the twenty first edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2008/09, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2007/08
This is the twentieth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2007/08, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2006/07
This is the nineteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2006/07, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2005/06
This is the eighteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2005/06, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2004/05
This is the seventeenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2004/05, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2003/04
This is the sixteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2003/04, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2002/03
This is the fifteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2002/03, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2001/02
This is the fourteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series. This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2001/02, changes in income patterns over time and income mobility.
HBAI 1994/5-2000/01
This is the thirteenth edition of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) series.This report presents information on potential living standards as determined by disposable income in 2000/01,changes in income patterns over time and also income mobility in the 1990s.
Low-Income Dynamics
This statistical paper is based upon results from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) for the period 1991 to 2008. It analyses the movements around the income distribution by individuals between 1991 and 2008 and examines the extent to which individuals persistently experience low income, on both Before Housing Costs (BHC) and After Housing Costs (AHC) bases. The report also contains tables showing the likelihood for individuals, of making a transition either into or out of low income, and identifies events and characteristics which are associated with the transitions.
- First release (49KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2008 (360KB)
Low-Income Dynamics: Future publication planning and data source technical note
The source data for the annual National Statistics report Low-Income Dynamics has changed from the British Household Panel Survey to the new Understanding Society Survey. This technical note outlines the future publications planning and details of the data source change, it also seeks to capture user's views on the content of future reports:
Low-Income Dynamics: Future publication planning and data source technical note (54KB)
Historical series
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2007 (403KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2006 (334KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2005 (174KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2004 (1016KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2003 (658KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2002 (556KB)
- Low-Income Dynamics 1991 to 2001 (116KB)
The following technical note published in spring 2009 outlines the review of the persistent low-income series carried out by DWP statisticians
- Technical note. (16KB)
Summaries of HBAI consultations
- HBAI 2008/09 User Consultation Outcomes (23KB)
- Summary of consultations on equivalence scales and other issues (50KB)
Exception report to the National Statistics protocol on release practices
These reports for the years 2004, 2005 and 2008 detail the events for which there was an operational need for early access to Households Below Average Income statistics. They are published here in accordance with DWP's compliance statement on the National Statistics Code of Practice.
- HBAI 2006/07 exception report (12KB)
- HBAI 2003/04 exception report (16KB)
- HBAI 2002/03 exception report (12KB)
National Statistics Quality Review
This review, which was published on the 27th February 2004, covered two annual publications, namely the Households Below Average Income and Pensioners' incomes series. It includes recommendations aimed to improve provision and quality of information provided to users.
Robustness assessment report
This report is intended to identify known or suspected imperfections in micro-data on incomes, which may affect the validity of income distribution results or require particular care in their interpretation; and to report estimates of the impact of these imperfections on results.
Time series consultation document
The use of data from the “Family Resources Survey” as the source for HBAI and the Pensioners' income series instead of data from the “Family Expenditure Survey” raises questions about the most appropriate methodology to use in presenting time series which straddle the period of change. In December 1999 a consultation paper was issued to external analysts seeking views on various methodologies, this paper summarises the comments received and details the resulting actions that will be undertaken in future analysis of time series.
Comparisons of income data between the Family Expenditure Survey and the Family Resources Survey (GSS Methodological Series 18)
After the publication of the 1979 to 1992/93 volume of the “Households Below Average Income” (HBAI), a methodological review “Households Below Average Income: Methodological Review Report of a Working Group, DSS, May 1996” was undertaken. The review recommended a transition from the “Family Expenditure Survey” (FES) to the “Family Resources Survey” (FRS) as the survey base for the HBAI statistics. The reasons for the reported difference between the two surveys in relation to HBAI statistics are investigated in detail in this report, which also provides background information that has influenced the decisions on handling of the transition in HBAI.
